Abstract: Bone remodeling after periapical surgery can be facilitated by inserting a bone graft into the periapical defect. Bone grafts are used as scaffolds and fillers to promote bone formation and wound healing. These bone grafts act as a storehouse of mineral that help form new bone. This table clinic critically presents the various dental bone grafts and alternative materials that have been used to achieve satisfactory results. This presentation also outlines the properties of dental bone grafts and various dental bone substitutes that have been studied or are currently being marketed. The different classifications of bone grafts and replacement materials, including natural and synthetic materials, are presented critically and the commercially available products in each, are discussed. Various bone replacement materials, including metals, ceramics, polymers or combination thereof and their chemical, physical and biocompatibility properties are investigated. The limitations of the available material have been pointed out and highlighted areas for further research and development. Tissue engineering hybrid structure with improved bone regeneration capacity like Cell-based or growth factor-based material is being discussed as a new area of development. This knowledge will enable clinicians to better identify different bone replacement materials by their properties, limitations, benefits, and success rates.
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
