Resident Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry Dallas, Texas, United States
Locating the root end and the position of the osteotomy can be challenging during endodontic microsurgery, particularly when there is no fenestration between the root end and the cortical bone. The purpose of this table clinic is to conduct a literature review of the techniques/methods used during apical surgery to locate the root apices and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Measurements taken from intraoral periapical radiographs, CBCTs, surgical guides, and dynamic navigation have been discussed in the literature. In addition, intraoperative methods of using gutta-percha or cavit to make a notch within the bone and then taking a periapical radiograph to ensure proper placement of osteotomy have also been discussed. Therefore, the overall aim of this table clinic is to provide an overview of the methods used in endodontics with the goal of aiding the clinician during apical surgery.
