Pyometra is a relatively common condition, and many private practitioners are reluctant to perform this surgery, often referring clients to prohibitively expensive emergency clinics. This study described findings, survival to discharge and prognostic indictors of outcomes for female cats with pyometra. Medical records of 134 queens diagnosed with pyometra between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019 were reviewed. Information obtained included patient history, clinical signs, blood work, surgical findings, length of hospitalization and survival to discharge. Dehydration 69% [83/121] and absolute neutrophilia 83% [52/63] were commonly reported, and 42% (44/105) had clinical signs > 1 week. Survival to discharge was 100% (126/126; 95% CI, 97%-100%), 33% were hospitalized > 2 nights, and 4% (5/120) had uterine rupture. Queens with abnormal serum calcium concentration or signs of depressed mentation had greater odds (OR of 4.6 and 2.3, respectively) of >2 nights hospitalization. Queens with high rectal temperature, closed pyometra, or heart murmur had greater odds (OR 36, 17 or 16, respectively) of uterine rupture. Some information may have been missing from records which might have influenced predictive power of the models. Our findings indicated that OHE for pyometra in queens was highly successful even when performed in a non-specialty hospital with high-quality basic supportive care. We believe most general practitioners who offer OHE could expect to see similar outcomes. With more general-practice veterinarians comfortable treating pyometra in their clinics, OHE for pyometra will be available to more pets, greatly increasing access to care.
