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Abstract: Background: Calvarial multilobular tumor of bone (MLTB) is typically treated with surgical excision and various adjunctive therapies. However, survival and recurrence outcome data are lacking.
Hypothesis/Objectives: To describe the clinical features, imaging characteristics, surgical treatment, and long-term outcomes of dogs with calvarial MLTB.
Animals: 53 client owned dogs with histologically confirmed MLTB.
Methods: Retrospective case series of canine MLTB treated with craniectomy. Signalment, examination findings, advanced imaging findings, surgical technique, histological grade, and outcome (survival, recurrence) were recorded.
Results: Most dogs showed no neurological deficits (66.0%). Tumors commonly involved the frontal (30.4%) and parietal (29.4%) bones. Venous sinuses were frequently involved on imaging (45.1%) and in surgery (44.2%). Intraoperative complications (e.g.: hemorrhage, cerebral swelling) occurred in 24.5% of cases. Postoperative complications, occurring in 43.4% of cases, included aspiration pneumonia, seizures, and intracranial hypertension. Tumors were not routinely graded (56.6% ungraded), limiting evaluation. Incomplete surgical margins were identified on histopathology in 69.8% of cases and had a negative effect on time to recurrence (HR 9.6; 95% CI 1.6-89.3; P = 0.02), as did a history of preoperative biopsy (HR 4.0; 95% CI 1.150 to 15.93; P = 0.04). The use of adjunctive therapies had a positive effect on time to recurrence (HR 0.21; 95% CI 0.04-0.9; P = 0.04). Median survival time was 1088 days (range 0-3165 days) and median time to recurrence was 470 days (range 53-916 days).
Conclusions and clinical importance: Long-term remission and survival is possible with calvarial MLTB. Histological grading and margin evaluation should be routinely performed.
