(CSEMP026) TRENDS IN INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN ADULTS UNDER THE AGE OF 40 IN CANADA: A REVIEW OF NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE DATABASES AND PRE-EXISTING LITERATURE

Abstract:

Background: Diabetes represents a key health priority globally and in Canada. Determining population-wide trends is critical in planning public health approaches for prevention and management of diabetes.

Objectives: We aimed to utilize the pre-existing data from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS) and current literature to determine the annual incidence and prevalence of diabetes in adults under the age of 40 in Canada.

Methods: Data from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS) was utilized, allowing hospital records to be examined according to diabetes diagnosis and age group. We also conducted a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL from January 1970 to December 2022, restricting our articles to those reported in English. Our search identified 8,862 studies that upon further screening, identified 73 studies for inclusion.

Preliminary results: The latest available data from the CCDSS indicates that currently, 8.2% of Canadians live with diabetes, and approximately 619 new cases are diagnosed each day. Since 2000, the age-standardized prevalence rate has increased by an average of 3.0% per year. The age-standardized incidence rate has remained relatively stable. Those aged 35-39 saw a 41.9% increase in incidence rates from 2000 to 2020, with a rate increase of 2.2% per year. Those aged 30-34 saw a 27.4% increase in incidence rates, with a rate increase of 1.5% per year. Those aged 25-29 saw a 9.3% increase in incidence rates, with a rate increase of 0.37% per year, and those aged 20-24 saw a 10.0% increase in incidence rates, with a rate increase of 0.4% per year. The highest prevalence and incidence rates were observed in Manitoba (9.54% and 761 per 100,000 respectively), while the lowest rates were observed in Quebec (6.73% and 442 per 100,000 respectively). Our review of the literature indicates that Manitoba has the second largest First Nation population in Canada, and have age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes up to 4.5 times higher than those in non–First Nation populations. An increased risk of diabetes was associated with South Asian ethnicity, higher BMI, lower socioeconomic status and lower educational attainment.

Conclusion: Our review of national databases indicates that adults under the age of 40 have seen a net increase in both incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes since the year 2000, indicating the need for potential revision of the recommended age for screening, pending further study and analyses of the data.