Introduction: Over the past year, the world has witnessed acts of unprovoked violence and aggression in Ukraine. The AUA issued a strong statement standing against the atrocities and inhumanity of war. Many urologists, both with and without ties to Ukraine, have shown support to the country in various ways. In this light, it is imperative to not only support its citizens, but also to remember the contributions Ukraine has had on our understanding of urology. Methods: Data was obtained with review of both PubMed and non-PubMed indexed literature, as well as through personal interviews with leading urologists in Ukraine. Results: In the field of genitourinary reconstruction, the first ever use of oral mucosa in urethroplasty was pioneered by Kirill Sapezhko in the late 19th century, while working in Kyiv. Interestingly, Dr. Sapezhko was also the first recorded surgeon to describe a two-stage urethroplasty, using a method now known as the Thiersch-Duplay technique. Ludwik Rydygier, as head of the University of Lviv (then Lemberg), developed an early method for transperineal simple prostatectomy, as well as innovating several techniques for repair of vesicovaginal fistulae in the late 1800s. Yurii Voronoy, while working in Kherson during the early 20th century, revolutionized transplantation by conducting the first recorded renal allotransplant, as well as studying the various stages of immunologic rejection. In the mid-to-late 1900s, urologic oncologists in Kharkiv, including Boris Polonsky, Alexey Pereverzev, and Viktor Karpenko, conducted valuable research describing innovative techniques for IVC thrombectomy. More recently, Ukrainian scientists have made enormous strides in our understanding of urologic carcinogenesis, in large part due to the devastating Chernobyl disaster and related chronic ionizing radiation exposure. These studies have led to better insight into the development of kidney and bladder cancers, including the description of ionizing-radiation induced carcinoma in situ, termed “Chernobyl Cystitis”. Conclusions: Ukrainian urologists have made significant impacts to the field, with important and novel studies spanning across many urologic subspecialties. As urologists, one of the ways that we can support Ukraine is to highlight their many contributions to the field. SOURCE OF Funding: N/A
