Introduction: There are not many researches regarding the management modality for pediatric patients, especially infants. Because of the lack of prospective randomized researches, while ESWL has a more impactful role, the overall management for pediatric patients is almost the same with adults. Methods: 136 patients that were consulted to our clinic between Jan-2018 to Apr-2022 with incidentally detected 5-10 mm renal stones were randomized into two groups for this prospective study. The treatment group, had undergone a metabolic evaluation and a low-dose CT if required apart from the Ultrasound scans. ESWL was the preferred first approach unless the stone location was lower pole or patient had a history of a prior failed ESWL. Afterwards, either URS or PCNL were preferred depending on the ureter calibration. The control group did not undergo any further diagnostic tesst or surgical approach, unless a G2 hydronephrosis or febrile UTI presented. Two sample t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: All patients were followed every 2 months during infancy period. 23% of patients (n = 16) in the control group were eventually treated with ESWL because of obstruction during ureteral stone passage. 50% of patients (n = 34) had spontaneous passage of stone without any complications. At the end of the infancy, there was no significant difference of change on kidney functions between two groups. Conclusions: 5-10mm kidney stones on infants that doesn’t cause >G2 hydronephrosis or febrile UTIs can safely be followed without any intervention or extensive metabolic evaluation during the infancy period. SOURCE OF Funding: Ankara University
