Introduction: There is no debate regarding the need to do a full work-up for patients presenting with gross hematuria. This work-up includes cystoscopy and upper urinary tract cross sectional imaging. However; the need for this work-up in patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (AMH) is debatable. This debate is even more in patients on anticoagulant therapy (ACT). The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of AMH in patients on ACT presenting for a check-up program and to study possible risk factors for hematuria and the workup results for these patients. Methods: Data of patients participating in our tertiary centre’s check-up program during the period between January 2018 and June 2019 were reviewed. The use of ACT and presence of microscopic hematuria were noted. Risk factors for microscopic hematuria as well as patients’ work up results were reviewed. Results: The data of 3000 check-up patients were reviewed. We found 408 patients (13.6%) on ACT, while 371 patients (12.4%) had microscopic hematuria. Prevalence of hematuria among patients on ACT was 15.9%, not significantly different from the total cohort (p value = 0.167). Factors associated with hematuria included hypertension, older age and female sex. The workup of patients with microscopic hematuria revealed 2 cases of bladder masses (0.54%) and 2 cases of renal tumors (0.54%), while 154 cases (41.5%) had negative urologic work up. The rest of cases had benign causes of hematuria. Conclusions: In our check-up cohort, the prevalence of microscopic hematuria in patients receiving ACT was not significantly different from patients not receiving it. Older age, female gender and hypertension were associated with increased risk of microscopic hematuria. We found a few cases with positive findings for bladder and renal tumors. Our findings suggest that patients with microscopic hematuria receiving ACT should follow the same workup as for patients not on ACT. SOURCE OF Funding: None
