15 - Impact of Active versus Passive Consent Process on Dental Screening Participation in Florida Public Schools

Abstract: Dental screenings are simple, quick, and noninvasive assessments of the oral cavity that can aid in the early identification of disease and prevent the development of urgent dental problems. In two Florida counties, the University of Florida College of Dentistry conducts annual dental screenings of third-grade public school students in conjunction with other health screenings. Recent state legislation now requires parents to actively consent, or opt-in, to all health screenings performed in public school-based settings.

Objectives: To compare dental screening participation of third-grade public school students following the change from passive consent to active consent requirements, and to explore the ethical impact of this shift in the consenting process as it relates to oral health equity.

Methods: Oral health surveillance data of third-grade public school students was collected utilizing the ASTDD Basic Screening Survey Tool. Dental screening data collected via passive consent versus active consent was analyzed and compared.

Results: Dental screening participation was significantly lower following the legislative requirement of active consent for health screenings in public school settings. Children attending Title 1 public elementary schools and schools with historically higher rates of untreated dental disease experienced greater rates of non-response from parents/guardians for dental screenings when active consent was required.

Conclusions: The shift from passive consent to active consent requirements for dental screenings prevents the early identification and referral of children at highest risk for dental disease. This deterrence can result in the development of urgent dental issues that negatively impact a child’s educational outcomes and overall health.

Source of Funding: None