Effective clinical management of pain requires an understanding of underlying mechanisms responsible for its generation. A skillful approach based on better knowledge concerning anatomical structures, pathways, and events that result in pain is more likely to lead to effective clinical management of pain. Awareness of the complex process of pain transmission can significantly help providers recognize clinical outcomes and to better explain it to both patients and caregivers so they may play a greater role in the treatment of painful disorders. The discussion will also include an introduction to medication classes and nonpharmacologic options typically considered for pain, along with the pathways they affect.