Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy (an example)

Transcranial direct current stimulation is a method for focal noninvasive neuromodulation where low-amplitude electrical current is conducted to the cortex via scalp electrodes. Ongoing tDCS research indicates its realistic capacity to suppress cortical excitability, and thus a potential to treat focal seizures. Encouraging pilot data underscore the anti-seizure tDCS capacity, and a pivotal trial of a tDCS device is in progress for FDA clearance. Yet, given that seizure suppression by any form of neuromodulation is incomplete, optimization of the treatment protocols will be needed in the near future. In particular productive investigations can (1) optimize anti-seizure stimulation parameters, (2) logically couple drugs and brain stimulation to enhance seizure suppression, and (3) identify neuromodulation mechanisms to better match stimulation protocols to the pathophysiology of disease. Much of the mentioned research can be done in the preclinical setting and forwarded to the clinic via translational research. Using tDCS as an example technology, the presentation will focus on tDCS basics, clinical data, and ongoing translational studies.