How to stay dry and clean: Novel insect-inspired multifunctional materials

The insect cuticle is a highly versatile material with a wide array of nano, micro, and macro physical structures on its surface, along with surface chemicals, that induce multi-functional properties like hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity, and anti-reflectivity, among others. These features have captured the interest of entomologists, engineers, and material scientists alike in the pursuit of designing and fabricating novel materials with these highly desired characteristics. Here, we review academic literature spanning fourteen orders of insects with hydrophobic and superhydrophobic cuticular features. Categorizing these features by physical or chemical means, and by length scale, we aim to provide an extensive guide for those seeking innovative solutions in the creation of contemporary bioinspired designs and materials. Our work provides valuable insight into the guided design of insect-inspired materials that promote multifunctionality.