(55) Demographic Distribution of Parkinson's Disease (PD) and LRRK2-PD in the United States

Publication Number: 1100

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Approximately 1.5-2% of PD cases in the US have leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) variants, with G2019S being the most common genetic variant. Both familial and sporadic occurrence of PD may result from the LRRK2 variants. There is a paucity of published data on the demographic distribution (by race, ethnicity and sex) for the PD population in the US.

Objectives: To summarize demographics of race, ethnicity, and sex among the PD population, both all-cause PD and LRRK2-PD, in the US.

Methods: We leveraged several resources including published literature, the Optum® de-identified electronic health record (OPEHR) data (2017-2020; N=~104 million patients; N=154,148 PD cases), and the Fox Insight (FI) study (data lock May 2021; N=30,872 PD cases). In the OPEHR, persons with PD were defined by having >1 ICD-9 332.0 or ICD-10 G20 without a record of secondary parkinsonism or atypical Parkinson syndromes. Genetic data were not available in OPEHR. To date, FI is the largest observational cohort study for PD, including participants with self-reported PD diagnosis, and genetic data on a subset of participants. Within FI, two analyses were conducted: one for all PD participants (N=30,872) and one for LRRK2-PD participants with genetically confirmed G2019S LRRK2 variant (N=220).

Results: Consistent with the literature, the demographic distributions were as follows for all PD cases in OPEHR/FI, respectively: White 84%/87%; African American 5%/1%; Asian 1.5%/1%; Hispanic 3%/7%; female 41%/41%. Similarly, the demographic distribution of LRRK2-PD in FI was consistent with the literature: White (95% in FI; 95-97% in literature) Asian (1% in both), African-American ( < 1% in both), Hispanic (8% in FI; 5% in literature), and female (46% in FI; 50% in literature).

Conclusions: Results across these US databases were consistent with findings from the literature that PD cases most commonly identified as White and non-Hispanic, at percentages that are higher than in the general US population. A slight male preponderance was noted in the overall PD population. Additional research using random population-based sampling of ethnoracial minorities with PD is needed.