Professor Georgetown University School of Medicine
Educational Objective: The objective was to provide a comprehensive historical analysis of African Americans in the field of otolaryngology.
Objectives: In recent years there has been increased attention given to furthering efforts of diversity and inclusion in the medical field. Particularly within otolaryngology, studies have shown that only 2% of otolaryngologists are African American. The history of African Americans in otolaryngology is rooted in the work and success of Dr. W. Harry Barnes, who was the first Black person to specialize in any specialty. With this article, we sought to highlight the history and legacy of African Americans within this field.
Study Design: Systematic review and historical analysis.
Methods: Through analysis of existing personal and professional records, manuscripts, and historical documents, a systematic review was conducted. Multiple first person interviews were held for enhanced historical context. Lastly, extensive internet searches were utilized.
Results: In 1927, Dr. Barnes became officially board certified as an otolaryngologist, the first African American to be certified by any surgical board. Since Dr. Barnes' foundation, Black otolaryngologists increased in number, though in recent years these numbers have stalled in comparison with other surgical specialties. We identified numerous individuals who have made significant contributions to the field. Additionally, we highlighted institutions that historically have contributed to the training efforts of African Americans within otolaryngology. Historically Black colleges and universities like Charles Drew, Morehouse, Meharry, and Howard provided Black physicians with outlets for training during times when no other options were available. They still serve as the primary producers of Black physicians to this day.
Conclusions: This study serves as the first comprehensive historical analysis of African American physicians in the field of otolaryngology. Through a greater understanding of their legacy, we can enhance our cultural understanding of the importance of continued efforts in diversity and inclusion.