(PO09-07-22) Conceptualization and Measurement of 24hr Timing of Eating and Energy Intake: A Systematic Review of Chronic Disease Literature

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Presenting Author(s)

Sydney G. O'Connor, PhD
– Cancer Prevention Fellow, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States

Co-Author(s)

LO

Lauren E. O'Connor, PhD, MPH
– Research Nutritionist, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, United States
BB

Brooke M. Bell
– Yale
EK

Emily Krueger
– National Cancer Institute
KH

Kirsten A. Herrick, PhD, MSc
– Program Director, National Cancer Institute, ROCKVILLE, Maryland, United States
JR

Jill Reedy, PhD, MPH, RDN
– Branch Chief, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
SC

Susan M. Czajkowski
– National Cancer Institute
Marissa M. Shams-White, PhD, MSTOM, MS, MPH
– Program Director, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States

Disclosure(s):

Sydney G. O'Connor, PhD: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Lauren E. O'Connor, PhD, MPH: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Jill Reedy, PhD, MPH, RDN: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Objectives: Beyond diet quality, the timing of eating and energy intake within the 24hr day (24hr TOE) may have important implications for chronic disease risk, and research in this area (i.e., chrononutrition) is rapidly growing. The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee recommended the development of consistent terminology to address the lack of TOE standardization. This systematic review summarizes the current conceptualization and measurement of 24hr TOE in the chronic disease literature.

Methods: This review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021236621). The initial search was conducted in September 2021 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus. The search was limited to English-language, full-text, peer-reviewed, original literature reporting results from adults from 2000 to present. Studies were eligible if they reported an association between a 24hr TOE variable and obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, or related clinical risk factors. Qualitative synthesis will compare 24hr TOE conceptualization, measurement, and variables across all studies and differences by study features (e.g., design, disease context).

Results: Of the 6879 articles included in title and abstract screening, 706 are being assessed for full-text eligibility, and as of February 2022, n=140 articles are eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis. Most studies included to date are in an obesity-specific context. Studies use 24hr dietary recalls, food records, and various meal timing surveys to measure 24hr TOE. 24hr TOE variables operationalize inter-related aspects of time and energy intake in varying ways. Common variable types include: 1) timepoint (specific time to represent when intake occurs, such as ‘breakfast time’); 2) duration/interval (length of time or interval when intake does/does not occur, such as ‘eating window’); and 3) distribution (proportion of daily intake at a given time interval, such as ‘% of energy before noon’). Operationalization of 24hr TOE variables varied widely across studies, particularly between intervention and observational designs.

Conclusions: The wide range of 24hr TOE variables suggests a need for standardization to guide future research in chrononutrition and to facilitate cross-study comparison.

Funding Sources: BMB was supported by 5T32CA250803-02. There are no other funding sources to report.