(PO22-24-22) Added Sugars Intake Explained by Amino Acid Carbon Isotope Ratio Profiles in a Controlled Feeding Study of U.S. Adults

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Presenting Author(s)

JJ

Jessica J. Johnson, MS
– PhD Candidate, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States

Co-Author(s)

VS

Virag Sagi-Kiss, PhD
– Imperial College, London, England, United Kingdom
SP

Susana A. Palma-Duran, PhD
– Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom
BB

Brian Barrett, MS
– Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States
MC

Matthew Chaloux
– Information Management Services, Inc.
JC

John Commins, BS
– Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States
DM

Douglas Midthune, PhD
– National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States
VK

Victor Kipnis, PhD
– National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States
LF

Laurence Freedman, PhD
– Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel
NT

Natasha Tasevska, PhD, MD
– Associate Professor, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Diane M. O'Brien, PhD
– Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States

Disclosure(s):

Jessica J. Johnson, MS: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Natasha Tasevska, PhD, MD: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Objectives: To evaluate an amino acid carbon stable isotope ratio (CIR_AA) biomarker of added sugars (AS) intake in a controlled feeding study of men and women across age and BMI groups.

Methods: We conducted a 15-d feeding study in Phoenix, AZ, of men and women (N=100, aged 18-70 y, BMI 17.9-35.0) who were recruited across sex, age, and BMI groups. Participants were provided personalized diets that resembled their habitual intakes, based on 2 consecutive 7-d food records. We measured CIR_AAs in serum samples (N=99) collected at the end of the feeding period and determined correlations with dietary intakes. We used forward selection to construct a model to explain AS intake using participant characteristics and 14 measured CIR_AAs. This model was internally validated using a bootstrap optimism correction.

Results: Median (25^th, 75^thpercentile) AS intake was 65.2 g/d (44.7, 81.4) and 9.5% (7.2%, 12.4%) of energy. The CIR of alanine had the highest, though still modest, correlation with AS intake (Pearson r = 0.32, P = 0.001). Serum CIR_AAs were more highly correlated with animal food intakes, especially the ratio of animal to total protein intake (APR). The highest correlations were between the APR and the CIRs of phenylalanine (Pearson r = 0.85, P < 0.001) and leucine (Pearson r = 0.84, P < 0.001). The model of AS intake included participant sex and body weight and the CIRs of 6 AAs: alanine, valine, lysine, glutamic acid, serine, and glycine. This model had modest explanatory power (multiple R² = 0.38), and the optimism-corrected R² for the model was lower (R² = 0.15).

Conclusions: The observed association between serum CIR_AAs and AS intake in the U.S. diet is encouraging; however, further investigation in populations with wider ranges of AS intake is warranted.

Funding Sources: National Cancer Institute; Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences