(PO22-39-22) Decreased Vitamin C Intake from Food and Supplements in the US Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Population: From NHANES 1999-2018

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Presenting Author(s)

Derek C. Miketinas, PhD, RDN
– Assistant Professor, Texas Woman's University, Houston, Texas, United States

Co-Author(s)

Hanqi Luo, PhD
– Assistant Research Professor, Emory University, Oakland, California, United States
JF

Josh Firth
– Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Medical and Scientific Affairs
TB

Tonya Bender
– Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Medical and Scientific Affairs
AB

Ariana D. Bailey, PhD
– Sr. Scientist, Mead Johnson, Henderson, Kentucky, United States
CM

Colleen McMilin
– Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Medical and Scientific Affairs
LB

Lauren R. Brink, PhD
– Principal Scientist, Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, Indiana, United States

Disclosure(s):

Derek C. Miketinas, PhD, RDN: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Hanqi Luo, PhD: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Objectives: To examine how vitamin C intake among women of reproductive age changed from 1999 to 2018 using data from 10 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999-2000 to 2017-2018.

Methods: Usual vitamin C intake and prevalence of inadequate intake were estimated among pregnant and non-pregnant women 20-44y who participated in NHANES 1999 – 2018 (n=11,129), using the National Cancer Institute Method. Covariates included dietary recall sequence, intake day of the week, and dietary supplement use. Regression models were used to test for trends in vitamin c intake from foods, supplements, foods and supplements combined, and prevalence of inadequate vitamin C intake over 10 cycles of NHANES.

Results: 1,392 were pregnant at the time of the exam. Vitamin C intake from foods alone in pregnant women decreased from 125 ± 6.7 mg in 1999-2000 to 103 ± 5.3 mg in 2017-2018 (p for trend = .0003). Supplemental vitamin c intake among pregnant women decreased from 140 ± 2.8 mg in 1999 – 2000 to 56 ± 0.9 mg in 2009 - 2010, followed by an apparent plateau between 2011-2018 (p for trend = .02). Consequently, intake foods and supplements combined decreased from 265 ± 31.9 mg in 1999-2000 to 158 ± 16.7 mg in 2017-2018 (p for trend = .0001). Inadequate intake (% < EAR) increased from 10.5 ± 2.2 % in 2001-2002 to 17.2 ± 3.1 % in 2017-2018 (p for trend = .015).

Vitamin C intake from foods alone in non-pregnant women (n = 9,737) decreased from 84 ± 3.9 mg in 1999-2000 to 71 ± 2.5 mg in 2017-2018 (p for trend < .0001). Supplemental vitamin C intake among non-pregnant women decreased from 101 ± 1.3 mg in 1999-2000 to 41 ± 0.5 mg in 2009 – 2010 followed by an increase to 86 ± 2.7 mg in 2017-2018 (p for trend = .0075). Consequently, intake from foods and supplements combined decreased from 186 ± 15.4 mg in 1999-2000 to 119 ± 5.9 mg in 2009-2010 followed by an increase to 157 ± 28.4 mg in 2017-2018 (p for trend = .0045). Inadequate intake increased from 27.5 ± 2.5 % in 1999-2000 to 38.6 ± 2.4 % in 2017-2018 (p for trend < .0001).

Conclusions: Over the past 2 decades, decreases in vitamin C intake from foods has outpaced the more recent increases in supplemental vitamin C intake among women 20-44y. Pregnant women’s vitamin C intake from both foods and supplements decreased during this time, which may result in an increased risk of infections, premature birth, and eclampsia.

Funding Sources: Funded by the Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition