(PO07-45-22) Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) Polyphenolic Extracts Exhibited Anti-inflammatory Effects on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

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Presenting Author(s)

Ivan Luzardo, PhD
– Post Doctoral Fellow, Institute of Neurobiology - UNAM, Queretaro, Queretaro de Arteaga, Mexico

Co-Author(s)

JV

Jose F. Vasco-Leal, Ph. D.
– Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro
LC

Liceth Cuellar-Nuñez, Ph.D.
– Assistant Professor, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro, Queretaro de Arteaga, Mexico
VQ

Victor D. Quintero-Castaño
– University of Quindio
RP

Rosa M. Pérez-Serrano, Ph. D.
– Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro
Ivan Luzardo, PhD
– Post Doctoral Fellow, Institute of Neurobiology - UNAM, Queretaro, Queretaro de Arteaga, Mexico

Disclosure(s):

Ivan Luzardo, PhD: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.

Objectives: This research aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory properties of two different aqueous extracts from Mexican Castor bean leaves accessions (R1 and R2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged murine RAW 264.7 cells.

Methods: Two leaves accessions (S1 and S2) grown in Amazcala (Mexico) were washed, sun-dried (35-60 ºC), ground, and screened (250 mm particle size). Aqueous extracts were prepared by dissolving 100 mg of the powders in 10 mL distilled water and maintained in a water bath (40 ºC) under stirring for 1 h. Samples were then centrifuged (3500 g, 15 min, 4 ºC). Total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), condensed tannins (CT), and antioxidant capacity measurements (ABTS and DPPH) were quantified spectrophotometrically. Individual phenolics were quantified by HPLC-DAD, and metabolomic analysis from gas chromatography (GC)-MS was conducted using MetaboAnalyst. The extracts were assayed against LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, whereas cell viability (MTT) and nitric oxide (Griess reaction) measurements were carried out.

Results: The total polyphenolic composition of the extracts showed no differences (p < 0.05) on their TF and CT composition, but S2 displayed a higher TF content than S1. Identifying individual phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD highlighted ellagic and gallic acids (17.13-28.77 mg/g dry weight) as the primary phenolic acids, whereas S2 showed the highest abundance of (+)-catechin. S1 was the extract with the highest DPPH antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05) (80.17 %). None of the extracts was cytotoxic at the evaluated concentrations (10-50 % v/v), but S2 was more effective in inhibiting nitric oxide production (44.94 %).

Conclusions: The extracts showed anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting NO production and could be used to manufacture bioactive compounds-rich food-grade-based ingredients. However, as ricinine, a toxic protein, has been reported in the leaves, methods eliminating ricinine from the extracts are required for safely using the extracts.

Funding Sources: The authors acknowledge “Fondos para el Desarrollo del Conocimiento (FONDEC) from Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ) 8289, Registry SVSU-DV-2021-09) for the provided resources.