Gender differences in risk factors for suicide among Black youth aged 12–17 years in the United States, 2004-2019

Full Description:

Background: In 2019, suicide was the third leading cause of death for non-Hispanic Black adolescents aged 12-17. From 2004-2019, suicide rates for Black youth increased by 65% for males and 122% for females. Our objectives were to examine associations between school performance, parenting practices, and availability of emotional support and suicide risk for Black males and females aged 12-17 years.

Methods: Data are from the 2004-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). NSDUH is an annual survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population aged 12 years or older in the United States. During the period of study, over 35,000 interviews were completed by Black youth. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the data.

Results: Nearly 370,000 Black adolescents reported suicidal ideation (80% female) between 2004-2019. Preliminary findings revealed that suicidal ideation was higher for Black boys (29%) than it was for Black girls (22%) who had a C+, C, or C-minus grade average. Of the sample who said their parents frequently limited their time spent with friends, Black females (45%) were more likely than Black males (35%) to have made a suicide plan. Among Black youth who said they had nobody they could talk to about a serious problem, boys (18%) reported higher rates of suicide attempts compared to girls (14%).

Conclusions: Suicide risk factors impact Black boys and girls differently. Preventing suicide requires a comprehensive approach including prevention and protective strategies for individuals, families, and communities.

Abbreviated Description: Recent increases in suicide rates among Black youth have highlighted the need for more research in this population. Using the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, this analysis examines associations between selected risk and protective factors and suicide risk for Black males and females aged 12-17 years. Preliminary findings revealed that among youth who said their parents limited their time spent with friends, Black females were more likely than Black males to have made a suicide plan. Understanding the complex relationship between gender and suicide risk can inform suicide prevention efforts among Black youth.