Shoulder instability is not well defined in dogs. In human orthopedics, clinical characteristics and associated factors such as direction, severity, and causes have been well documented. Shoulder instability is different from “shoulder luxation” in dogs, and the anatomical structures involved in shoulder instability are not identified to date. Diagnostic procedures (such as abduction angle measurement) remain controversial. Recent studies using MRI and arthroscopy have helped development of treatment options. In this lecture, proposed surgical procedures for shoulder instability in dogs and associated complications are discussed.
