1801: High Frequency of Structural Damage in the Lower Spine of Patients with Chondrocalcinosis

Kalliopi Klavdianou¹, Jona Kasfeld², Martin Fruth³, Styliani Tsiami⁴, Juergen Braun⁵, Philipp Sewerin⁶, David Kiefer⁵ and Xenofon Baraliakos⁷, ¹'Asklepieion' General Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Voula, Athens, Greece, ²Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany, ³Blikk, Radiologie, Herne, Germany, ⁴Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany, ⁵Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany, ⁶Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-Universität-Bochum, Herne, Germany, ⁷Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Herne, Germany

Background/Purpose: Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease (CPPD, chondrocalcinosis) is known to affect fibrocartilaginous tissue in the large and smaller peripheral joints. The affection of similar structures in the axial skeleton is unclear. We aimed to assess the frequency and severity of structural changes in the lower spine in patients with established CPPD in comparison to degenerative disc disease (DDD).

Methods: In a retrospective study, patients with CPPD or DDD as a main diagnosis with available spinal conventional radiographs (CR) performed during 2014 – 2020 were included. Definite other inflammatory conditions affecting the spine were excluded. The CR segments T7/8-L5/S1 were evaluated for the occurrence of disc calcification, intradiscal vacuum phenomenon, disc height (normal, narrowing, complete loss), endplate erosion, osteophytes and spondylolisthesis. When lumbar spine MRIs of the same time point were available, discovertebral units were evaluated for the occurrence of vacuum phenomena, endplate erosion, Modic changes and disc dehydration (Pfirrmann). Follow up CR were assessed if available. All available images were evaluated by 2 independent readers and discrepancies were solved by consensus.

Results: CR of 140 patients (1.171 discovertebral units) with CPPD and 99 DDD (803 discovertebral units) were evaluated (mean age 74.4±9.9 and 71±6.2, 20% vs. 20.2% males, respectively). MRIs of the spine were available from 48 CPPD and 44 DDD patients. Vacuum phenomena, disc calcification, osteophytes and erosion were significantly more frequently seen in patients with CPPD compared to DDD (Table) with no differences between the thoracic and the lumbar spine. Follow-up CR were available for 29 patients with CPPD and 46 DDD. Both groups presented statistically significant progression of endplate erosions and osteophytes (p 0.001 - 0.02 for both groups). Notably, even though CR follow-up times in the CPPD group were, compared to DDD (median (IQR) 1.9 (2.4) vs 3.0 (3.1) years, p=0.033, respectively), shorter, radiographic progression was noted more frequently in CPPD vs. DDD for erosive changes (6.8% vs. 0.6%, p=0.018) and disc calcification (5.8% vs. 0.6%, p=0.007), respectively. When comparing MRIs, a higher number of discovertebral units was affected by vacuum phenomena (34 vs 13, p=0.04) and endplate erosions (L4/5 (45.5% vs 24.4%, p=0.04), L5/S1(40.4% vs 19.5%, p=0.03) in patients with CPPD vs. DDD, respectively.


Table. Frequency of affected discovertebral units on conventional radiographs

CPPD	DDD	p
Vacuum phenomenon	156 (13.3%)	44 (5.5%)	< 0.001
Disc calcification	193 (16.5%)	42 (5.2%)	< 0.001
Endplate erosion	159 (13.6%)	26 (3.2%)	< 0.001
Osteophytes	861 (73.5%)	480 (59.8%)	< 0.001
Spondylolisthesis	126 (10.8%)	69 (8.6%)	0.264
CPPD: calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease DDD: degenerative disc disease

Conclusion: Patients with chondrocalcinosis showed more severe and progressive degenerative findings in the lower spine as assessed by both, CR and MRI, even more in comparison to established DDD. This data shows that disease manifestations of CPPD in the axial skeleton are clinically relevant.

Disclosures: K. Klavdianou, None; J. Kasfeld, None; M. Fruth, None; S. Tsiami, None; J. Braun, None; P. Sewerin, AXIOM Health, Amgen, AbbVie, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), Celgene, Chugai Pharma Marketing Ltd. / Chugai Europe, Deutscher Psoriasis-Bund,, Gilead Sciences, Hexal Pharma, Janssen-Cilag, Johnson & Johnson, Lilly / Lilly Europe / Lilly Global, medi-login, Mediri GmbH, Novartis Pharma, Onkowissen GmbH, Pfizer, Roche Pharma, Rheumazentrum Rhein- Ruhr, Sanofi-Genzyme, Spirit Medical Communication, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, UCB Pharma; D. Kiefer, Novartis, AbbVie/Abbott, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Janssen, UCB, Pfizer; X. Baraliakos, AbbVie, Lilly, Galapagos, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi.