B0195 - Endoscopic Eversion and Stent-Assisted Strangulation for the Management of an Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct: A Minimally Invasive Technique for Non-Surgical Candidates
University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine Birmingham, AL
Introduction: Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNB) are uncommon lesions that may accompany risk for malignancy. Management is often surgical and may be associated with significant postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Case Description/Methods: An 80-year-old female with a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presented for management of jaundice and sepsis after microwave ablation of HCC. Computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrated intra and extrahepatic biliary ductal dilation with a 19 mm soft tissue density in the distal common bile duct (CBD). Index labs depicted leukocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, and elevated lactate. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) delineated a round, hypoechoic intraductal CBD lesion. The pancreas and ampulla were normal. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) confirmed a distal CBD filling defect. Biliary sphincterotomy was performed and balloon sweeping revealed a frond-like partially protruding polypoid lesion suggestive of an IPNB. Due to non-surgical candidacy, we decided to perform a complete eversion with subsequent full prolapse of the lesion by using a biliary extraction balloon. This was followed by the placement of a biliary plastic stent to assist with strangulation of the base of the lesion. Biopsies were consistent with a papillary neoplasm with intestinal differentiation, confirming our findings of an IPNB, without accompanying high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma. Interval surveillance ERCP 3 months later revealed no protruding lesion from the major papilla, no residual filling defects on cholangiogram, and sweeping of the biliary tree uncovered no contents. Cholangioscopy demonstrated segmental mucosal irregularity with mild granular tissue in the mid/distal bile duct wall; however, cholangioscopy-guided intraductal biopsies and brushings showed benign reactive tissue and no recurrent IPNB. At 5 months of follow-up, the patient continues to do well.
Discussion: IPNB is a rare biliary lesion. Radical surgical resection has been the mainstay of curative treatment. However, a few recent cases have described endoluminal radiofrequency ablation as an alternative therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of balloon-assisted eversion combined with stent-assisted strangulation of an IPNB leading to spontaneous removal. In non-surgical candidates, this technique may be advantageous to minimize adverse operative outcomes, improve patient tolerance, and decrease cost.
