Breathing is a complex function. The respiratory pattern depends on the interaction between genetics and environmental factors. Nasal breathing is a key factor for normal development, while oral breathing affects the development of the cranio-maxillo-facial complex of the child and may lead to specific features. Malocclusion and oral breathing can coexist and may be related. Therefore it is important to early intercept and remove risk factors to prevent malocclusion and promote the physiological dento-skeletal growth.
Learning Objectives:
Define how oral breathing can affect the child's development of the cranio-facial complex
Describe mouth breathing etiological factors
List the most common malocclusions that may be associated with oral breathing and discuss treatment options