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Growth & Development
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a detrimental condition that involves irreversible damage to the kidneys that may progress to end stage renal disease (ESRD). In adults, CKD is widely studied and documented. However, much less is known about the epidemiology of CKD in children. Current research suggests that, in the United States, congenital disorders such as hereditary nephropathies are the leading cause for childhood CKD. It is well known that the kidneys play a crucial role in calcium regulation in the body and that calcium is a component of not only tooth enamel, but also dentin. Low serum calcium during enamel formation has been shown to contribute to enamel hypoplasia, which can severely predispose a child to caries and tooth loss as they age.
Case Report: This presentation discusses a 13 year old female patient who was referred to UConn Pediatric Dental Clinic for comprehensive dental care involving coordination with multiple dental specialists under general anesthesia in the OR. The 13 year old patient’s medical history is significant for Chronic Kidney Disease beginning at birth and kidney transplant in April of 2016, and Asthma. Current medications include Prograf, Cellcept, Prednisone, Albuterol, Pulmicort, and Pantoprazole. The patient has an allergy to Penicillin/Amoxicillin. Upon clinical exam, it was noted that the patient had many large carious lesions and widespread enamel hypoplasia resembling that seen in Amelogenesis Imperfecta. This report will include clinical and radiographic findings associated with Chronic Kidney Disease and AI, differential diagnoses, and treatment rendered to the patient.