University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
Participants should be aware of the following financial/non-financial relationships: . Girish S. Shelke, B.D.S, M.P.H.: I do not have any relevant financial / non-financial relationships with any proprietary interests.. Rochisha Singh Marwaha, BDS, MPH: I do not have any relevant financial / non-financial relationships with any proprietary interests.. Pankil Shah, MD, MSPH: I do not have any relevant financial / non-financial relationships with any proprietary interests.. Suman N Challa, BDS, MSPH: I do not have any relevant financial / non-financial relationships with any proprietary interests.
Abstract: Objective: To assess both individual and interactive effects of prenatal conditions such as prenatal depression and diabetes and health behaviors like smoking during pregnancy on infant birth defects while focusing on orofacial clefts (OFCs). Methods: The data for this research study were collected by the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) in 2018. Birth certificate records were used in each participating jurisdiction to select a sample representative of all women who delivered a live-born infant. PRAMS used mixed-mode mail and telephone survey for data collection procedures. The total sample size of the CDC-PRAMS data for 2018 was 89,839. Complex sampling weights were used to analyze the data with a weighted sample size of 4,536,867. Descriptive statistics were performed to explore the frequencies of variables. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to examine associations among the independent and dependent variables. Results: The results indicate and significant interaction between smoking and depression (OR= 3.17; p-value= <0.001) and depression and diabetes (OR= 3.13; p-value= <0.001). Depression during pregnancy was found to be significantly associated with delivering an infant with a birth defect (OR= 1.31, p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Depression during pregnancy and its interaction with smoking and diabetes are vital in determining birth defects in infants. Increasing awareness regarding the negative impact of depression in pregnant women and efforts focused on both individual and population levels to reduce depression during pregnancy can lower birth defects in the United States.
