1165965 - Study on Preparing High-sensitivity and High-selectivity Sensors with Waste Carbon Rods and Their Applications in the Measurement of Ammonia and Norfloxacin in Waste Water

Antibiotics enter water bodies through sewage from the pharmaceutical industry, hospitals and households. Pharmaceutical wastewater, especially norfloxacin (NFX) pharmaceutical wastewater, is one of the most difficult to treat organic wastewater. Long-term consumption of residual NFX can cause disorders of the central nervous system and induce antibiotic resistance. The common characteristics of antibiotics are complex composition, diverse pollution types and high concentration. Due to the differences in the raw materials and production technologies of different drugs, the quality and quantity of pharmaceutical wastewater fluctuate greatly. There are many interfering impurities in the water, affecting the detection of antibiotics. Ammonia is easily discharged from animal husbandry and factories and causes odor problems. Ammonia is soluble in water and easily forms alkaline ammonia water. In the livestock house, ammonia contacts with the conjunctiva of the livestock animals or is inhaled into the respiratory tract, and dissolves in the water molecules on the mucosal surface, and strongly stimulates mucosal inflammation, leading to flushing, edema, ectropion, nasal spraying, and coughing of the conjunctiva , Severe occurrence of laryngeal and tracheal mucosal edema, pulmonary edema, and induce pneumonia or pro-respiratory infectious diseases (blue ear disease, swine flu, pseudorabies, etc.). Ammonia in the livestock house mainly comes from the decomposition of organic matter such as feces and urine, and other harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and skatole are easily produced during the decomposition process. This research aims to develop an electrochemical sensor that can sense NFX selectively, sensitively, and at low concentrations. In addition, the modified electrodes were analyzed for physical, chemical and electrochemical characteristics, and a linear calibration curve with a wide measurement range was obtained, and the detection limit and quantitative limit were established, and compared with the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer method (Ultra violet and visible spectrophotometer). Spectrophotometer, UV-vis) and high performance liquid chromatography (High performance liquid chromatograph, HPLC) are compared. At the same time, it discusses the measurement of ammonia and NFX in real samples such as pharmaceutical preparations, hospital wastewater, natural water flow, and fish farm wastewater. This study is the first time that pure graphite cube electrodes are used for the electrochemical detection of ammonia and NFX. Very few and non-toxic chemicals are used to achieve the principles of Green Chemistry. It is the first time to use carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Meter tube (carboxylic acid functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotubes, CA f-MWCNT) and saffron (Safranin O, SFO) modified graphite electrode, the developed electrode can be used to measure the extremely small concentration of ammonia and NFX, the detection limit is in the μM range, And the developed electrode can run for a long time.