P2094 - Diabetes Progression and Chronic Pancreatitis Are Associated With an Increased Risk for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Award: Presidential Poster Award

Award: Presidential Poster Award

Daniel Lew, MD¹, Christie Jeon, ScD¹, Yu-chen Lin, ¹, Sungjin Kim, ¹, Stephen Pandol, MD¹, Joseph Pisegna, MD^2
1Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; ²VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Wadsworth VA, Los Angeles, CA

Introduction: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) and diabetes (DM) are independent risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). DM is also a common sequelae of CP, and DM progression may not only be an indicator of CP disease but also of increased risk of PDAC. The primary aim was to evaluate the risk of PDAC in patients with CP and various stages of DM progression.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on outpatients 50 years and older between 2000 and 2016 at the Veterans Administration. Patients were required to have DM progression defined as: new insulin prescription, combination oral hyperglycemia treatment, or 1% or more increase in hemoglobin A1c with the final measurement over 8% in a 15-month period. In these patients, patients with CP were identified based on diagnosis codes and were required to have a diagnosis of CP prior to cohort entry date. Patients with PDAC were identified through the VA Central Cancer Registry, or the presence of at least two encounters or two Medicare claims with the diagnosis of PDAC.

Median follow-up and cumulative incidence estimates of PDAC were calculated following Kaplan-Meier method where time to event is defined as time from DM progression to diagnosis to PDAC and patients who did not develop PDAC were censored at death or December 31, 2017.

Results: Of the 824,089 patients who met criteria for diabetes progression, 6,883 patients (0.8%) were found to have CP in whom PDAC developed in 125 CP patients (1.8%) over a median follow-up 108 months. CP-DM patients who developed PDAC were significantly older, leaner, predominantly White, and were less likely to be on a statin compared to CP-DM patients who did not develop PDAC (Table 1).

The 5-year incidence of PDAC in patients with CP was 1.4% as compared to 0.5% in diabetes patients without CP. Incidence rate was steeper in the first two years of diabetes progression then thereafter (Figure 1).

When PDAC incidence was compared by duration of CP diagnosis at the time of diabetes progression, the 5-year PDAC incidence in CP patients was highest within the first year of CP diagnosis at 2.4%, compared to 1.6% in patients with CP duration of 1-3 years, and 1.5% in patients with CP duration greater than 3 years.

Discussion: Patients with DM progression and CP have a nearly 3-fold higher risk of PDAC development compared to patients without CP. The highest rate for PDAC is within the first year of CP diagnosis and the first year of diabetes progression.


Figure: Figure 1. Cumulative incidence function curve estimating the incidence of PDAC in patients without CP (blue curve) and patients with CP (red curve), starting at time of diabetes progression.

Variable	CP without PDAC (N=6,758)	CP with PDAC (N=125)	P-value
Age, median (q1, q3)	60.3 (54.9, 66.7)	63.4 (57.1, 69.4)	0.0024
Sex
Male	6,595 (95.8%)	122 (97.6%)	0.0031
Race			0.0447
Black	2,076 (30.7%)	27 (21.6%)
Asian	16 (0.2%)	1 (0.8%)
Alaska Native, American Indian or Multi	159 (2.4%)	1 (0.8%)
White	4,507 (66.7%)	96 (76.8%)
Smoking			0.5466
Current Smoker	3,544 (52.4%)	60 (48.0%)
Former Smoker	1,909 (28.3%)	35 (28.0%)
Unknown	727 (10.8%)	18 (14.4%)
Never Smoker	578 (8.6%)	12 (9.6%)
Hazardous Drinking			0.6567
Yes	1,082 (16.0%)	17 (13.6%)
No	2,197 (31.2%)	39 (31.2%)
Unknown	3,479 (50.5%)	69 (55.2%)
Statins	4,019 (59.5%)	63 (50.0%)	0.0408
Peak BMI (kg/m2), median (q1, q3)	29.6 (25.8, 33.7)	28.8 (24.7, 32.2)	0.0418
Last BMI (kg/m2), median (q1, q3)	27.0 (23.0, 31.5)	25.3 (21.9, 29.8)	0.0082

Table: Table 1. Baseline patient characteristics in patients with CP and diabetes progression with or without PDAC.


Disclosures:
Daniel Lew indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Christie Jeon indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Yu-chen Lin indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Sungjin Kim indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Stephen Pandol indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Joseph Pisegna indicated no relevant financial relationships.


Daniel Lew, MD¹, Christie Jeon, ScD¹, Yu-chen Lin, ¹, Sungjin Kim, ¹, Stephen Pandol, MD¹, Joseph Pisegna, MD². P2094 - Diabetes Progression and Chronic Pancreatitis Are Associated With an Increased Risk for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, ACG 2021 Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts. Las Vegas, Nevada: American College of Gastroenterology.